National Legal Systems Governing Shared Oil and Gas Resources Oil and gas, like other underground resources such as groundwater and living natural resources, including marine species, birds, and wildlife, do not recognize artificial boundaries that define ownership and...
Bilateral Investment Treaties in Foreign Investment Law Investment activities require legal security and reliable guarantees to protect assets. In the absence of international agreements that protect foreign investments, investors are generally reluctant to invest in foreign jurisdictions. Domestic...
Multi-Purpose Vessels The specialization of various commercial sectors has led to the development of different types of vessels, each designed to transport specific categories of cargo. Despite this specialization, general cargo vessels continue to play a significant role...
Property Land Use Classification and Procedures for Changing Land Use Under applicable law, every property is assigned a specific land use classification at the time of development, which is formally recorded in its title documentation. Common land-use categories...
Authority of the Ship Master Under Iranian Maritime Law Under maritime law, the ship master may be regarded as holding two legal capacities within a single role. The shipmaster acts as both the representative of the shipowner and...
