Introduction to the Legal Environment in Sports The legal environment in sports encompasses the factors that shape the regulation and establishment of lawful relations within sports communities. Such factors include sports rules and regulations, directives, circulars, and sports...
Bribery Under the Islamic Penal Code of Iran The practice of giving and receiving bribes has historically been used by individuals seeking unlawful advantages. Within administrative systems, some individuals resort to bribery to remove obstacles or expedite administrative...
Legal Analysis of Guarantees Commercial instruments in commercial law represent claims or ownership of goods and are subject to relatively simple formal requirements. These instruments include bills of exchange, promissory notes, cheques, official warehouse receipts, shares, and bonds....
Choosing Among Open Registry Systems When a shipowner decides to register a vessel under an international registry rather than under the flag of the owner’s legal residence, place of business, or other factors based on a genuine link,...
Review of Binding Precedents and Doctrinal Opinions on Criminal Retrial The term retrial literally means recommencement, repetition, or renewal, while adjudication refers to judicial examination and trial. A criminal retrial is the renewed examination of a criminal case...
