Carrier Liability for Cargo in Maritime Transport Under Iranian commercial principles, the Hamburg Rules, and widely accepted international maritime practice, a shipping company acting as the maritime carrier is generally required to deliver the shipped cargo to the...
What Is a BLC Contract? A BLC contract, commonly understood as a Buyer’s Letter of Credit, is among the most widely used financial and commercial instruments in international trade. In essence, it is a written undertaking issued by...
Seafarers in International Law Seafarers, as part of the international workforce in the maritime transport industry, have a distinctive legal status under international instruments. Under conventions and standards developed by the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the International...
Damaged Cargo in Transport Law Damaged cargo in transportation refers to any goods or packaging that, during carriage from origin to destination, suffer physical damage, spoilage, breakage, leakage, deformation, contamination, or total or partial loss. From a legal...
Ship Arrest in Iranian Law Ship arrest is the act of preventing a vessel from continuing its operations at sea or in port and placing it under physical detention by competent authorities. Under Iranian law, ship arrest may...
