The Legal Nature of Electronic Payment Undoubtedly, every form of commercial activity presupposes the payment of a price. In general, it is irrelevant to the merchant whether the payer is necessarily the buyer himself. What matters is that...
Maritime Carrier Under the Iranian Maritime Code, a maritime carrier, referred to as the carrier of goods, is defined as the owner or charterer of a vessel who enters into a contract with the shipper for the carriage...
Criminal Liability of Legal Entities In the past, legal scholars held differing views on the criminal liability of legal entities. Some believed that legal entities were incapable of committing crimes or that criminal punishment could not be imposed...
Shipbuilding Contracts The shipbuilding market, which was traditionally concentrated in Northern Europe, has shifted eastward in recent decades. In particular, Japan, South Korea, and China have developed substantial shipbuilding capacities since the late 1990s. As a result of...
How Is Divorce Handled for Iranians Living Abroad? Divorce is one of the most significant personal legal matters, carrying substantial individual and social consequences. Within the framework of personal status law, the application of relevant regulations to Muslims...
