Legal Risk and Regulatory Risk and Methods of Managing Them In today’s business environment, familiarity with various market risks is essential. A proper understanding of these risks helps prevent unexpected losses and protects commercial activities. One of the...
International Commercial Arbitration With the significant expansion of international trade, merchants and parties to international commercial transactions increasingly prefer to submit their disputes to arbitration to avoid complex, time-consuming legal proceedings. Failure to employ efficient, expeditious dispute-resolution mechanisms...
Right of Retention in Contracts Under Iranian law, the explicit term “right of retention” is mentioned only in Article 371 of the Commercial Code. According to this provision, a commission agent is entitled to exercise a right of...
Easement Rights and Usufruct Rights One of the most fundamental rights individuals may hold in relation to property and objects is the right of ownership. Ownership establishes a direct legal relationship between a person and an asset, which...
Property Boundaries and Their Legal Nature In general terms, the boundary of a property refers to the surrounding area adjacent to the property over which the owner holds specific legal rights. This area is considered part of the...
