Shipping Documents in Maritime Transport Shipping documents in maritime transport are official legal records that contain detailed information about the carriage of goods, including the conditions of carriage, the identities of the shipper and consignee, the vessel’s details,...
Maritime Transport in Iran Maritime transport is a fundamental pillar of international trade and is recognized in Iran through domestic legislation and, where relevant, international standards referenced in practice. Under Article 1 of the Iranian Maritime Law of...
Carrier Liability for Cargo in Maritime Transport Under Iranian commercial principles, the Hamburg Rules, and widely accepted international maritime practice, a shipping company acting as the maritime carrier is generally required to deliver the shipped cargo to the...
What Is a BLC Contract? A BLC contract, commonly understood as a Buyer’s Letter of Credit, is among the most widely used financial and commercial instruments in international trade. In essence, it is a written undertaking issued by...
Seafarers in International Law Seafarers, as part of the international workforce in the maritime transport industry, have a distinctive legal status under international instruments. Under conventions and standards developed by the International Labor Organization (ILO) and the International...
