Legal Consequences of Sudden Changes in Transport Costs in International Contracts Transport costs are an important consideration in calculating the total cost of goods and performing international trade contracts. Freight rates may increase because of higher fuel prices, changes in trade routes, port congestion, shortages of fleet capacity, security developments, legal restrictions, or changes in...Read More

What Is a Jurisdiction Clause in an International Transport Contract? International transport contracts are generally concluded between parties operating in different countries. The consignor may be based in one country, the transport company may be registered in another, and the shipment’s destination may be located in a third country. In such transactions, identifying the competent...Read More

What Is a Governing Law Clause in an International Transport Contract? International transport contracts commonly involve legal connections with several countries. The transport company may be registered in one country, the cargo owner may operate in another, and the shipment’s origin or destination may be in a third country. In these circumstances, if a dispute...Read More

How Do Sanctions Affect the Performance of International Transport Contracts? Economic and trade sanctions can affect various stages of the international transport chain, from entering into contracts and selecting a transport company to insuring cargo, making payments, and delivering goods. These restrictions may make access to certain financial services, ports, insurers, transport fleets, or trade...Read More

Who Is Liable for Container Damage? Container damage is a major issue in international transportation. It can lead to disputes among cargo owners, container owners, transportation companies, freight forwarders, and other parties involved in the shipping process. When a container is damaged during transportation, it is first necessary to determine at which stage the damage...Read More

Definition, Legal Implications, and Drafting of Hardship Clauses in International Transportation Contracts In international transportation contracts, the parties generally determine transportation costs, delivery schedules, shipping routes, and their respective contractual obligations based on the economic and commercial conditions in effect when the agreement is concluded. However, circumstances may arise after execution that substantially increase the...Read More

 An Overview of Coverage and Key Legal Considerations for Different Types of Marine Insurance Policies Maritime transportation is a primary method of transporting goods in international trade. Large cargo volumes, long shipping distances, changing weather conditions, the possibility of accidents at ports and at sea, and the complexity of loading and unloading operations expose cargo...Read More

What Are Legal Disputes in Charterparty Agreements and Why Do They Arise? A charterparty agreement is a contract between a shipowner or vessel operator and a charterer that establishes the terms and conditions governing the use of a vessel or its cargo-carrying capacity. Legal disputes arise when one party has difficulty fulfilling its contractual obligations...Read More

A Guide to Force Majeure Clauses in International Transportation Contracts International transportation of goods involves many legal, operational, and economic risks. Border closures, armed conflicts, newly imposed sanctions, natural disasters, widespread strikes, government restrictions, and transit-route disruptions may interfere with the performance of contractual obligations. In such circumstances, one of the most important legal issues...Read More

Liability Arising from the Loss of Transport Documents Transport documents play a significant role in domestic and international transactions by evidencing the contract of carriage, identifying goods, specifying the consignee, and facilitating monitoring of delivery procedures. Losing these documents may cause delays or suspension of delivery, disputes between cargo owners and carriers, increased storage costs,...Read More