Legal Methods for Collecting a Cheque A cheque is one of the most widely used financial instruments and plays a significant role in commercial transactions, business dealings, and personal financial relationships. This document provides the holder with an assurance that a specified sum will be received from the issuer. For this reason, the lawful collection...Read More
The Legal Concept of Franchise in the Iranian Legal Framework Franchise, commonly referred to as a commercial concession, has attracted increasing attention in both international and domestic commercial relations in Iran over recent decades. Franchise agreements enable small and medium-sized businesses to benefit from the trade name, business model, marketing strategies, and managerial systems of...Read More
The Concept of Liability for Failure to Perform Obligations in Commercial Contracts In commercial relationships, contracts serve as the legal foundation governing interactions between parties. The primary expectation of contractual stakeholders is the full and timely performance of their obligations. Failure to perform a commercial obligation, whether through non-delivery of goods, failure to provide services,...Read More
Sale of Another Person’s Property in Commercial Transactions In commercial practice, parties routinely engage in a wide range of transactions that may give rise to serious legal complications when the applicable legal framework is not properly understood. One recurring issue is the sale of another person’s property, a situation in which an individual transfers property...Read More
General Meeting Resolutions and Their Importance In the legal structure of commercial companies, general meetings are recognized as the highest decision-making authority and play a central role in directing and managing corporate affairs. Resolutions adopted by a general meeting can fundamentally shape a company’s future, ranging from electing members of the board of directors and...Read More
Unfair Competition Under Iranian Law Unfair competition refers to any act, conduct, or commercial practice carried out in the course of market competition in a manner that is unjust, unlawful, or contrary to professional ethics, and that harms the interests of one or more competitors. Within the constitutional framework of the Islamic Republic of Iran...Read More
What Is Acquisition of Property Through Unlawful Means? Unlawful acquisition of property is a key concept in the criminal and civil law of the Islamic Republic of Iran and underpins many civil and criminal claims. It refers to acquiring assets or property through illegal means and may encompass conduct such as fraud, breach of trust,...Read More
What Is Exclusive Representation? Exclusive representation is one of the most significant commercial arrangements in contract law. It refers to a structure in which the principal, whether a manufacturer, distributor, or service provider, appoints a single representative to conduct commercial activities or sell products within a defined geographic territory or to a particular category of...Read More
Relative Partnership Company Pursuant to Article 183 of the Commercial Code, a Relative Partnership Company is a commercial entity formed under a specific business name between two or more partners, where each partner’s liability is proportional to the amount of capital they have contributed to the company. Furthermore, under Article 184 of the Commercial Code,...Read More
Methods of Check Collection Legal disputes involving checks and dishonored checks are among the most common legal challenges in society. Many individuals encounter such issues, particularly because checks are often issued with a deferred payment date. This frequently gives rise to disputes over payment claims and enforcement procedures, particularly in cases involving dishonored checks.Read More
