Civil Partnerships In legal terminology, a civil partnership refers to a group of individuals who jointly engage in cultural, social, or non-commercial economic activities. Civil partnerships are subject to specific rules governing ownership and taxation, which are explained below. In its literal sense, the term partnership denotes sharing or joint participation. Accordingly, a partnership refers...Read More
Legal Status of Children Born Out of Wedlock A child born out of wedlock is, as the term suggests, a child resulting from an unlawful relationship. Under Iranian law, the legal rights of a child born out of wedlock differ in certain respects from those of a legitimate child. The following sections examine the legal...Read More
Commercial Goodwill and Its Legal Status After Death Commercial goodwill is a tenant’s right acquired by paying a certain amount to the owner of a commercial property at the time of concluding a lease agreement. Through payment of this amount, the tenant becomes the holder of the goodwill right and is entitled to use the...Read More
Legal Risk and Regulatory Risk and Methods of Managing Them In today’s business environment, familiarity with various market risks is essential. A proper understanding of these risks helps prevent unexpected losses and protects commercial activities. One of the most common risks arising from insufficient legal knowledge is legal or regulatory risk. It is evident that...Read More
International Commercial Arbitration With the significant expansion of international trade, merchants and parties to international commercial transactions increasingly prefer to submit their disputes to arbitration to avoid complex, time-consuming legal proceedings. Failure to employ efficient, expeditious dispute-resolution mechanisms may result in substantial adverse consequences for the parties involved. In practice, international traders prefer resolving disputes...Read More
Right of Retention in Contracts Under Iranian law, the explicit term “right of retention” is mentioned only in Article 371 of the Commercial Code. According to this provision, a commission agent is entitled to exercise a right of retention against the principal to recover outstanding claims relating to the goods subject to the transaction or...Read More
Easement Rights and Usufruct Rights One of the most fundamental rights individuals may hold in relation to property and objects is the right of ownership. Ownership establishes a direct legal relationship between a person and an asset, which may arise through inheritance, contracts transferring ownership, or other legal means. In addition to ownership rights, other...Read More
Property Boundaries and Their Legal Nature In general terms, the boundary of a property refers to the surrounding area adjacent to the property over which the owner holds specific legal rights. This area is considered part of the owner’s private domain and requires compliance with legal procedures for recognition. Some individuals mistakenly believe that the...Read More
Registration of Foreign Company Representations Given the significant expansion of global trade and the ongoing growth of companies worldwide, it is increasingly common for individuals or entities to engage in commercial activities in Iran under the name of a foreign company. The most effective legal method for this purpose is to obtain official representation of...Read More
Seizure of Assets for Dowry Claims In a marriage contract, whether temporary or permanent, the dowry is a legal right of the wife and may be claimed regardless of whether it is payable upon demand or subject to the husband’s financial ability. However, in cases where the dowry is conditional upon the husband’s ability to...Read More
