Adoption Discussions surrounding adoption have a long history. Children are divine gifts who deserve special protection, and political considerations or legislative shortcomings should never overshadow their best interests and welfare. It is an undeniable principle that the best interests of a child are closely linked to the interests of their parents. On this basis, the...Read More

Examination of the Crime of Forgery In recent years, one of the most significant issues facing the judiciary and the Organization for Registration of Deeds and Properties, attributable in part to the country’s economic instability, has been the crime of forgery. For the normal functioning of society and the preservation of social relations, properly executed...Read More

What Are Recidivism and Multiplicity of Crimes? Criminal justice systems worldwide have long faced challenges posed by crimes committed by individuals. One of the most significant issues in this field is recidivism and multiplicity of crimes, which are considered mechanisms for individualizing punishment through its aggravation. Therefore, correctly distinguishing between these two concepts is of...Read More

Criminal and Civil Checks Among various financial instruments, the check has long been one of the most widely used means of payment in commercial transactions. Criminal and civil checks can be distinguished by their respective legal characteristics. In modern transactions, parties often prefer a check that is criminally enforceable so that, in the event of...Read More

What Is a Gift (Hibah)? Throughout history, various cultural and social traditions have existed, and generosity and giving have always been regarded as among the most valued human virtues. These traditions have consistently been endorsed by scholars, jurists, and thinkers. Accordingly, both law and jurisprudence have addressed a specific type of contract founded on the...Read More

Option of Lesion (Ghabn) in Transactions Throughout history, individuals have continuously engaged in transactions of various forms and subject matters, and in some cases, one party may suffer loss as a result of a transaction. The science of law, by granting certain rights and options to contracting parties, seeks to reduce losses arising from transactions....Read More

Contractual Damages Maintaining order and balance within society, as well as respecting agreements and commitments between individuals, constitutes one of the primary reasons for the necessity of compensating damages arising from the failure to perform contractual or legal obligations. In essence, fulfilling an obligation undertaken by an individual entails moral, social, legal, and even ethical...Read More

Estate in Inheritance Inheritance, as one of the fundamental legal events, has always been a subject of legal discussion. Upon a person’s death, their property is transferred by operation of law from the decedent to the heirs. The term “estate” refers to the property left by a decedent and is a legal concept derived from religious and...Read More

Action for Dissolution of a Limited Liability Company In today’s world, with the advancement and expansion of developments affecting urban life, individuals increasingly seek to achieve greater profits and benefits through collective efforts. Over time, people have pursued their objectives by formalizing cooperation through contracts and establishing companies. Once registered, companies acquire legal personality and,...Read More

Issuance of a Bankruptcy Judgment In the modern era, commerce has become a highly significant and complex field. One of the most important and widely discussed topics in commercial law is the bankruptcy of merchants and the liquidation of matters relating to them. A merchant’s inability to pay debts can disrupt many aspects of commercial...Read More