Public and Private Joint Stock Companies With the advancement of modern urban life and the expansion of economic activities, individuals increasingly seek to pursue profit and collective interests through cooperation. Over time, this approach led to the formalization of such cooperation through contracts and the establishment of companies. Once registered, companies acquire legal personality. As...Read More
The Effect of Repentance in Criminal Offenses With the passage of time and the increase in the commission of various crimes, the imposition of criminal punishment has become increasingly necessary. The primary objective of punishment is the rehabilitation of offenders and the prevention of recidivism. To uphold fairness and justice, the law distinguishes between an...Read More
Certificate of Inheritance Under the Iranian Civil Code and prevailing legal practice, the estate of a deceased person, including all assets and property of economic value left behind, is transferred to the legal heirs upon death. In matters relating to the distribution of the estate, the will of the deceased is also legally relevant. A...Read More
Settlement and Compromise in Legal Disputes Because human society is inherently characterized by conflict and tension, individuals must refer their disputes to an authority capable of adjudicating between them fairly and justly. This authority is the judiciary, whose primary function is resolving disputes and issuing judicial decisions. Although the general and traditional role of courts...Read More
Third-Party Objection Lawsuit Although court judgments are generally presumed to be fair and issued in compliance with all legal and statutory standards, the law grants litigants the right to challenge judicial decisions. This is because the possibility of error in issuing judgments or the discovery of new facts always exists and may result in a...Read More
Illegal Marriages In Iranian law, marriage is recognized as a social institution that gives rise to numerous legal and civil effects. From a religious perspective, marriage is also highly commendable and carries significant spiritual and moral consequences. Accordingly, avoiding marriage and abandoning this institution have been criticized, and remaining single in circumstances where abstention from...Read More
Action for Recovery of the Amount of a Check With the passage of time and significant human progress in various fields, various payment instruments, including checks, have gradually come into use. Checks are commercial instruments that enable financial transactions through ordinary, certified, and traveler’s checks. In many cases, individuals, due to a lack of legal...Read More
Action for Removal of Unlawful Possession Throughout life, individuals have consistently encountered disputes related to ownership. Today, one of the most significant legal actions concerning immovable property before the courts is the action for removal of unlawful possession. Unlawful possession occurs when a person, by force or aggression and without the owner’s or tenant’s consent,...Read More
Medical Crimes and the Civil Liability of Physicians Medicine is a discipline dedicated to preserving and improving health, treating diseases and injuries, and it plays a vital role worldwide. The history of this science dates back to prehistoric times, when human beings sought new methods of treatment by applying available tools and knowledge. As this...Read More
What Is an Inadmissibility Stay Order? A significant portion of judicial decisions issued by courts takes the form of procedural orders, which are classified into various types. One of the most frequently applied and important of these orders is the inadmissibility stay order, known as Gharar-e Enateh. This order is issued when adjudication of a...Read More
