Legal Risk and Regulatory Risk and Methods of Managing Them In today’s business environment, familiarity with various market risks is essential. A proper understanding of these risks helps prevent unexpected losses and protects commercial activities. One of the most common risks arising from insufficient legal knowledge is legal or regulatory risk. It is evident that...Read More
International Commercial Arbitration With the significant expansion of international trade, merchants and parties to international commercial transactions increasingly prefer to submit their disputes to arbitration to avoid complex, time-consuming legal proceedings. Failure to employ efficient, expeditious dispute-resolution mechanisms may result in substantial adverse consequences for the parties involved. In practice, international traders prefer resolving disputes...Read More
Right of Retention in Contracts Under Iranian law, the explicit term “right of retention” is mentioned only in Article 371 of the Commercial Code. According to this provision, a commission agent is entitled to exercise a right of retention against the principal to recover outstanding claims relating to the goods subject to the transaction or...Read More
Easement Rights and Usufruct Rights One of the most fundamental rights individuals may hold in relation to property and objects is the right of ownership. Ownership establishes a direct legal relationship between a person and an asset, which may arise through inheritance, contracts transferring ownership, or other legal means. In addition to ownership rights, other...Read More
Property Boundaries and Their Legal Nature In general terms, the boundary of a property refers to the surrounding area adjacent to the property over which the owner holds specific legal rights. This area is considered part of the owner’s private domain and requires compliance with legal procedures for recognition. Some individuals mistakenly believe that the...Read More
Registration of Foreign Company Representations Given the significant expansion of global trade and the ongoing growth of companies worldwide, it is increasingly common for individuals or entities to engage in commercial activities in Iran under the name of a foreign company. The most effective legal method for this purpose is to obtain official representation of...Read More
Seizure of Assets for Dowry Claims In a marriage contract, whether temporary or permanent, the dowry is a legal right of the wife and may be claimed regardless of whether it is payable upon demand or subject to the husband’s financial ability. However, in cases where the dowry is conditional upon the husband’s ability to...Read More
Review of Travel Ban and Its Legal Grounds A travel ban is a legal status that prohibits individuals from leaving a specific geographical area. This area is generally the territory of a country. In practice, a travel ban applies to individuals who, for certain legal or administrative reasons, are not permitted to cross the borders...Read More
Ujrat al Mithl and the Conditions for Receiving It Marriage is a legal and non-financial act that carries numerous financial consequences, including alimony, dowry, ujrat al mithl, the condition of division of assets, and similar matters. Ujrat al mithl is one of the most debated and significant financial rights granted to women during marital life....Read More
Confession and Its Conditions From a linguistic perspective, confession means to establish or affirm something or someone in a particular place. Pursuant to Article 1259 of the Iranian Civil Code, confession is defined as informing of a right in favor of another person to one’s own detriment. In essence, the literal and legal meanings of...Read More
