Dual Nationality The place of birth, nationality, and individuals’ relationship with the state throughout their lives have long been subjects of analysis and debate in law and international law. In international law, nationality refers to the political and social allegiance of a natural or legal person to a particular state. Nationality encompasses various relationships, including...Read More

Commercial Companies and the Importance of Their Registration In the era of globalization of commercial exchanges, commercial companies facilitate a wide range of industrial, service, and financial activities. In Iran, the establishment and registration of companies can also be analyzed within this framework. Pursuant to the Commercial Code, such companies enjoy legal personality, which grants...Read More

Action for Recovery of Possession (Eviction of Unlawful Possessor) Ownership of immovable property has always been a significant issue in human life. In matters relating to ownership, it may occur that a person unlawfully takes possession of another individual’s immovable property. If the lawful owner seeks to recover possession of the property and end the...Read More

Rescission by Mutual Consent in Contracts Throughout their lives, individuals engage in transactions with others to satisfy their needs and interests. These transactions are evidenced by contracts and give rise to legal effects and obligations. In contractual relations, it is always possible that, for various reasons, the parties may no longer wish to maintain the...Read More

The Impact of Gender Reassignment of Parents or Children on Inheritance With the significant rise in gender identity dissatisfaction, a growing number of individuals around the world have undergone gender reassignment. Gender reassignment, as the term indicates, refers to the transition from male to female or from female to male. There has also been discussion...Read More

Tax Evasion All individuals living within a society are obligated, in return for benefiting from the resources and facilities of that country, to pay a form of social cost to the government in the form of taxes. This cost represents a portion of the profits generated from economic activities. Taxes are essential for defraying the...Read More

Transfer of Property Belonging to Another In everyday transactions, individuals frequently transfer property. In certain circumstances involving fraud, the offense of transferring property belonging to another may arise, which is classified as a crime against property and ownership. If a person knowingly and intentionally transfers or subjects to a transaction a property that does not...Read More

Transactions Intended to Evade Debt Today, with the expansion of commercial relationships between natural and legal persons and the increased possibility of fraud and misuse of another’s property, cases involving debt evasion have become more prevalent. One significant issue in transactional law concerns the avoidance of debt repayment through the conclusion of alternative transactions for...Read More

Bank Privatization Many years ago, individuals sought a secure place to safeguard their assets and felt there was none. Over time, as banks emerged as institutions for holding money and conducting economic transactions, a new era in government financial systems began. The roots of the banking system in Iran date back nearly a century. The...Read More

Temporary Marriage and the Principles of Inheritance Therein Since the beginning of human existence, due to the presence of sexual instinct and human awareness of reproduction and procreation, marriage has become a customary and accepted institution. Throughout human history, the union of a man and a woman has consistently been governed by law, customs, contractual...Read More