Prohibition on Using Property Contrary to Its Authorized Land Use Rising costs across many sectors, including residential real estate, have led some owners to use residential units for commercial or administrative purposes, despite legal restrictions on land-use changes. If such conduct is reported to the competent authorities or municipalities, it may be pursued and addressed...Read More
Different Methods of Air Transportation More than a century has passed since the Wright brothers turned the dream of flight into reality. Over the last 120 years, the aviation industry has experienced extraordinary progress. Among the most important applications of modern aircraft are passenger transportation and air cargo shipment. The speed and operational capability of...Read More
Legal Responsibilities of Eco Tourism and Travel Tours A portion of accident reports and public news is repeatedly linked to incidents that occur during organized tours. In practice, injuries and unexpected events have become recurring phenomena in travel and tourism. Although reasonable adults generally understand that travel may involve risks and choose to participate with...Read More
Renunciation of Iranian Nationality In recent years, there has been a growing tendency among individuals to renounce Iranian nationality and obtain foreign citizenship for various reasons. Iranian law recognizes the possibility of renunciation of nationality under specific conditions. Some individuals also seek to acquire an additional nationality while retaining their Iranian nationality, which is commonly...Read More
How Is Jointly Owned Property Sold? The term joint ownership refers to property held in common and undivided, most often land or real estate. In legal terminology, jointly owned property refers to an asset or property owned by two or more persons without physical separation of their respective shares. For example, when a house is...Read More
Trademark and the Importance of Its Registration To understand the importance of trademark registration, it is first necessary to define what a trademark is. A trademark or brand is a sign by which the products or services of a commercial enterprise or legal entity can be distinguished from those of others. It should be noted...Read More
Proportional Liability and Its Difference from Joint and Several Liability In Iranian law, liability refers to the obligations that one person owes to another arising from a contract or other legal agreement. These obligations may also arise outside contractual relationships. Iranian law generally recognizes two main types of liability: proportional liability and joint and several...Read More
Drafting a Consortium Agreement A consortium refers to an association or partnership. The term has Latin origins and refers to the combination of two or more companies, institutions, organizations, or governments to achieve a shared objective, with profit generation as a primary goal. A consortium may also be established for smaller-scale activities. For example, several...Read More
Understanding Express Mail and Domestic Express Mail and International Express Mail Global commercial activity requires familiarity with express mail. Express mail is a method of transporting goods worldwide. In some countries, express mail services are available both domestically and internationally. In many jurisdictions, international express shipping costs are calculated primarily based on the weight and...Read More
International Law of the Sea One of the oldest and most significant branches of public international law is devoted to the international law of the sea. This importance stems from the fact that seas have long provided nations and states with a wide range of uses, including maritime trade, navigation, and access to both living...Read More
