The United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an international organization composed of 193 member states, established in 1945 to maintain international peace and security and to promote global cooperation.Read More

Paternity and Lineage Establishment Lawsuit Children’s entitlement to legal rights depends on the legitimacy of their lineage. Generally, legitimate children do not encounter difficulties in exercising legal rights, such as inheritance and financial support, and the presentation of a birth certificate typically confirms their legal parentage. However, complications may arise when the marital relationship of...Read More

Eviction Order and Eviction Judgment An eviction order applies only to leased residential premises and does not extend to administrative or commercial properties subject to goodwill rights. When a tenant refuses to vacate the premises after the expiration of the lease term, the landlord may seek an eviction order. For example, if a residential property...Read More

What Is a Temporary Injunction? Time is one of the most valuable resources in human life. In certain circumstances, the passage of time may result in damages that cannot be remedied. One of the ongoing challenges within the Iranian judicial system is the prolonged duration of litigation due to the high volume of cases before...Read More

International Human Rights Law Human rights are fundamental and inalienable rights essential to the dignity, survival, and development of human beings. The right to life forms the foundation of all human rights protections.Read More

Types of Powers of Attorney From a legal perspective, powers of attorney exist in several forms, including banking powers of attorney, those issued within correctional facilities, those issued in medical institutions, and judicial powers of attorney. Each category has specific applications and legal validity requirements.Read More

Marine Insurance Policies for Cargo and Vessels A marine insurance contract is not considered legally valid evidence of insurance coverage unless its terms and conditions are incorporated into a formal marine insurance policy. This incorporation may occur at the time the contract is concluded or subsequently. A valid marine insurance policy must contain essential details,...Read More

Types of Marine Insurance Policies Although marine insurance policies are generally similar in structure, they differ in terms of execution, risk coverage, and operational scope. From a coverage perspective, marine cargo insurance is commonly divided into three principal categories: Coverage Type A. Coverage Type B. Coverage Type C. These insurance methods are widely recognized in...Read More

Increase and Reduction of Capital in Joint Stock Companies Under Article 157 of the Amended Commercial Code, capital in joint stock companies may be increased through two primary methods: Increasing the nominal value of existing shares. Issuing new shares. Both methods directly affect shareholder rights, corporate governance, and financial structure, and therefore must comply with...Read More

Structure of Large Organizations Comparable to Parent Companies Organizations in various sectors, including political, social, and economic institutions, are typically formed to pursue defined objectives within structured legal and administrative frameworks. Economic and commercial activities are most commonly conducted through corporate entities and business organizations. Large corporations across jurisdictions generally share several common legal characteristics...Read More