Comprehensive Guide to Property Seizure Property seizure is a provisional measure in civil proceedings. Under this measure, real property belonging to the defendant or judgment debtor in a civil claim is temporarily restricted from transfer to secure the claim or enforce a judgment. A seizure may be imposed before the court issues its decision, as...Read More
Who Is a Nuisance Neighbor Under Iranian Law? Under the Civil Code of the Islamic Republic of Iran, a neighborhood nuisance refers to conduct that deprives other residents of comfort or causes them harm. Such conduct may take various forms, including excessive or unusual noise, abnormal use of property, damage, or even occupying parts of...Read More
Illegal Demolition of Property Illegal demolition of property refers to an act in which a person, without judicial authorization and without the consent of the owner or the lawful possessor, destroys, removes, or damages a building or structure belonging to another. Under Article 677 of the Islamic Penal Code (Ta’zirat), any person who intentionally destroys...Read More
Change of Property Use A change of property use means altering the designated use of a parcel of land or a building from one category to another, for example, converting a residential property into a commercial or administrative one. Under the Law on the Change of Use of Agricultural Lands and Gardens (adopted in 1374)...Read More
Owner Consent for Apartment Renovation Renovating aging apartment buildings in major cities, particularly metropolitan areas such as Tehran, is widely regarded as a practical measure to improve urban living standards and address serious building safety concerns. One of the most significant legal and practical challenges in the renovation process, however, is obtaining owners’ consent. In...Read More
What Is Unlawful Possession? In Iranian law, unlawful possession refers to the wrongful seizure and occupation of property carried out without the owner’s consent and contrary to the law. In simple terms, when a person has possession of a property, and another individual takes it over without legal authorization, that act may constitute unlawful possession....Read More
Comprehensive Guide to Drafting a Proper Lease Agreement A precise and well-structured lease agreement is one of the most important legal measures for preventing future disputes between landlord and tenant. In recent years, a significant number of cases brought before Dispute Resolution Councils and courts have arisen from ambiguities or shortcomings in lease agreements. The...Read More
Sale of Another Person’s Property and Everything You Should Know The sale of another person’s property refers to offering or transferring movable or immovable property by a person who is not the lawful owner and who proceeds without the permission or consent of the true owner. In Iran’s property market, due to complex documentation and...Read More
The Difference Between a Preliminary Agreement and a Sale Agreement in Real Estate Transactions In Iran’s real estate market, many people use the terms “preliminary agreement” and “sale agreement” interchangeably, without appreciating that they may carry different legal implications and practical consequences. A clear understanding of the distinction can help prevent disputes, fraud, and unintended...Read More
Purchasing Real Property Without an Official Deed From a legal perspective, purchasing real property without a deed is among the riskiest real estate transactions. In the absence of an official deed, the buyer’s ownership is not formally recognized and lacks reliable legal standing. Under Iran’s Act on Mandatory Official Registration of Transactions Involving Immovable Property...Read More
