Parking and Common Areas Disputes in Apartment Buildings Parking spaces and common areas are among the most significant legal issues in apartment ownership and frequently give rise to disputes between owners and residents. Under the laws of the Islamic Republic of Iran, particularly the Apartment Ownership Act and the Civil Code, a parking space may...Read More

All You Need to Know About Illegal Property Registration Illegal property registration refers to the official registration of real estate where one or more legal requirements or essential elements have not been properly observed. Situations such as document forgery, submission of inaccurate or misleading records, registration based on statements by persons without legal standing, or...Read More

What Is Property Seizure? Property seizure is a protective measure in civil proceedings in which real estate owned by the defendant or judgment debtor is temporarily restricted from transfer to secure a claim or enforce a judgment. A seizure may be imposed before a final decision is issued (pre-judgment seizure) or after a final judgment...Read More

Comprehensive Guide to Property Seizure Property seizure is a provisional measure in civil proceedings. Under this measure, real property belonging to the defendant or judgment debtor in a civil claim is temporarily restricted from transfer to secure the claim or enforce a judgment. A seizure may be imposed before the court issues its decision, as...Read More

Who Is a Nuisance Neighbor Under Iranian Law? Under the Civil Code of the Islamic Republic of Iran, a neighborhood nuisance refers to conduct that deprives other residents of comfort or causes them harm. Such conduct may take various forms, including excessive or unusual noise, abnormal use of property, damage, or even occupying parts of...Read More

Illegal Demolition of Property Illegal demolition of property refers to an act in which a person, without judicial authorization and without the consent of the owner or the lawful possessor, destroys, removes, or damages a building or structure belonging to another. Under Article 677 of the Islamic Penal Code (Ta’zirat), any person who intentionally destroys...Read More

Change of Property Use A change of property use means altering the designated use of a parcel of land or a building from one category to another, for example, converting a residential property into a commercial or administrative one. Under the Law on the Change of Use of Agricultural Lands and Gardens (adopted in 1374)...Read More

Owner Consent for Apartment Renovation Renovating aging apartment buildings in major cities, particularly metropolitan areas such as Tehran, is widely regarded as a practical measure to improve urban living standards and address serious building safety concerns. One of the most significant legal and practical challenges in the renovation process, however, is obtaining owners’ consent. In...Read More

What Is Unlawful Possession? In Iranian law, unlawful possession refers to the wrongful seizure and occupation of property carried out without the owner’s consent and contrary to the law. In simple terms, when a person has possession of a property, and another individual takes it over without legal authorization, that act may constitute unlawful possession....Read More

Comprehensive Guide to Drafting a Proper Lease Agreement A precise and well-structured lease agreement is one of the most important legal measures for preventing future disputes between landlord and tenant. In recent years, a significant number of cases brought before Dispute Resolution Councils and courts have arisen from ambiguities or shortcomings in lease agreements. The...Read More