The Legal Nature of Termination of an International Transportation Contract Termination of an international transportation contract is a significant institution in contract law and generally refers to the unilateral dissolution of a contract by one party on lawful or contractual grounds. Under Iranian law, the default principle is that contracts are binding. Once a valid...Read More
Legal Issues of Vessel Delay at Port Vessel delays at port are a common challenge in maritime transport and can lead to significant legal consequences. Legal issues arising from vessel delays at port often stem from disputes among shipowners, charterers, carriers, and port authorities. From a legal perspective, delay typically occurs when a vessel fails...Read More
Combined Transport Combined transport refers to the use of two or more modes of transportation, such as maritime, land, and air, to move goods or passengers from one point to another. The purpose of combined transport rules is to coordinate these modes so that carriage is continuous and responsibilities are clearly defined. In the legal...Read More
Legal Review of Share Transfers A share transfer refers to the assignment of ownership rights over a portion of a company’s capital to another person or entity. This process is regarded as one of the principal foundations of the operations of commercial companies and the capital market, and in the Islamic Republic of Iran, it...Read More
How to Draft the Articles of Association for a Commercial Company The Articles of Association are a mandatory legal instrument that establishes the general framework governing a commercial company’s activities. Drafting the Articles of Association is the first essential step toward formalizing a company under the Iranian Commercial Code. This document not only defines the...Read More
Everything You Need to Know About the Rules for Terminating a Commercial Contract Termination of a commercial contract refers to the end of contractual obligations between business partners, whether unilaterally or by mutual agreement, in accordance with the Civil Code of the Islamic Republic of Iran and other specific regulations, such as the Commercial Code....Read More
Review of International Maritime Conventions International maritime conventions are agreements between states designed to establish uniform standards across various areas of navigation and shipping. These conventions are adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and other specialized international bodies, and they become legally effective within a national legal system after final approval and domestic acceptance...Read More
Drafting a Commercial Contract in Plain Language Drafting a commercial contract is a foundational requirement for any economic and professional activity. When there is no clear agreement between the parties, disputes often become extensive and legally complex. A commercial contract, as a formal and binding instrument, defines the parties’ rights and obligations and prevents ambiguity...Read More
What Is the Fault-Based Liability Principle? The fault-based liability principle provides that when a person, through negligence, lack of due care, or imprudence, causes harm to another, that person must be held accountable and must compensate the injured party. In Iranian law, this principle is reflected in several provisions of the Civil Code, including Articles...Read More
Incorrect Labeling Under Iranian Law In Iranian legal terminology, labeling refers to the placement of information on goods. A label may include product specifications, the name of the manufacturer or importer, production and expiry dates, storage conditions, ingredients, safety warnings, and required regulatory approvals. Incorrect labeling arises when the information stated on the product does...Read More
