Settlement of Employer and Employee Disputes and Competent Authorities for Resolution The employer-employee relationship is one of the most common legal relationships in modern societies. The specific characteristics of this relationship led to the enactment of specialized legislation known as labor law, which governs the rights and obligations of both parties. Disputes between employers and...Read More

International Land and Sea Transportation and Its Common Regulations Transportation is one of the most fundamental factors in the field of commerce and trade, and should be a priority for every country. Developed nations have typically expanded their international transportation routes before strengthening their trade relations with other countries. International land and sea transportation is...Read More

Intellectual Property The institutional complexity of international sports law in dispute resolution often creates confusion. In recent years, this confusion has been intensified by the blurring of the distinction between professional and amateur athletes. Historically, each category of athletes developed its own legal framework. However, this structure is evolving. For instance, the Olympic Movement was...Read More

Private and Public Interests in Intellectual Property Law Since the emergence of intellectual property rights within legal systems, their principal objective at both national and international levels has been to grant exclusive privileges to right holders by recognizing exclusive legal protections. The legal framework governing intellectual property incorporates principles that require governments to grant such...Read More

Business Combinations in Corporate Structures Acquisitions and mergers are primarily undertaken to realize commercial synergies and enhance shareholder value. When two or more entities cooperate and interact, a combined effect is often created. If this combined effect exceeds the sum of the effects that each entity could achieve independently, synergy occurs. The first wave of...Read More

Charterparty for a Specific Voyage Unlike a bill of lading, which primarily serves as evidence of a contract, a charterparty is a contractual agreement in itself. Charterparty agreements are generally classified into three main categories: Voyage charter. Time charter. Bareboat charter. Under voyage and time charter agreements, the charterer is granted the right to transport...Read More

Intellectual Property Insurance In the modern business environment, intellectual property insurance has become increasingly essential. Intellectual creations possess significant economic value and represent critical corporate assets. As a result, there is a persistent risk of financial loss arising from infringement, invalidation, or damage to intellectual property rights. Accordingly, examining the legal aspects of intellectual property...Read More

Introduction to Premium Discovery Contracts With economic developments and structural changes observed in recent years, investors have faced new operational and financial requirements. One of the most critical responsibilities of goods producers is procuring essential raw materials, as production planning requires continuous access to them. Buyers also seek certainty regarding the acquisition of required goods...Read More

Functions of the International Atomic Energy Agency in the Trade of Nuclear Materials and Goods The International Atomic Energy Agency supervises the trade of nuclear materials and related goods in order to ensure that such materials are used exclusively for peaceful purposes and to prevent their misuse for military activities. The Agency promotes and supports...Read More

International Transportation One of the principal methods of expanding trade is participation in international commerce. A critical element of international trade is transportation. Transportation constitutes a fundamental component of commercial operations and plays an essential role in ensuring rapid access to goods and maintaining customer satisfaction. Selecting an inappropriate transportation method can impose substantial costs...Read More