Conditions for Termination of an International Transportation Contract Termination of an international transportation contract is among the most complex legal actions because it often entails significant financial, operational, and enforcement consequences. In practice, termination may be raised by the cargo owner, carrier, freight forwarder, or consignee, and each party must present a valid legal or...Read More
How to File a Complaint Against Transportation Companies Filing a complaint against transportation companies is a common process in trade and cargo shipments. In the following, with the guidance of Soroush Salamian Law Firm, we provide a comprehensive and practical guide to filing complaints and pursuing claims against transportation companies, from document gathering to legal...Read More
Review of International Shipping Conventions International shipping conventions consist of treaties and rules that states adopt to promote uniformity, improve safety, and reduce risks in navigation and maritime transport. The core reason these conventions exist is the cross-border nature of navigation. Ships, cargo, and crew operate across waters that extend beyond national boundaries, and fragmented...Read More
What Are Claims Arising from a Forged Bill of Lading? A bill of lading is a core document in the transportation industry. It functions as a contract of carriage, a delivery receipt, and in some cases a document of title. Forgery or fraud involving a bill of lading can trigger wide-ranging legal, financial, and operational...Read More
Carrier Liability in Container Shipping Carrier liability in container shipping refers to the legal and contractual obligation to safeguard the condition of the cargo from the time the container is delivered to the carrier until it is delivered to the consignee. In practice, this liability covers a defined period that typically includes acceptance of the...Read More
Multimodal Transport Regulations Multimodal transport is one of the most important methods of moving goods in both domestic and international trade. In this system, goods are transported under a single contractual framework using two or more modes, such as sea, land, and air. The expansion of global supply chains, increased trade volumes, and the need...Read More
Legal Remedies for Lost Cargo When the term “lost cargo” is used, it generally refers to a shipment that, after being handed over to the carrier, disappears or is not available for delivery to the consignee by the expected time. Loss may arise from theft, misdelivery, documentary errors, customs detention, or disappearance during transit. Despite...Read More
A Legal Review of Cargo Theft During Transit Cargo theft during transit is a serious supply chain risk with wide-ranging legal, financial, and operational consequences. It may occur in different forms, from targeted theft at the loading point or during transit, to theft during discharge or storage. The importance of legal review in this area...Read More
The Captain’s Liability in Maritime Incidents The captain is the legal representative of the vessel’s owner or operator at sea and holds the authority and responsibility to make operational, safety, and managerial decisions. This authority covers navigation leadership, crew management, implementation of safety procedures, and decision-making in emergencies. The captain’s role is both legal and...Read More
Legal Consequences of Incorrect Product Labeling Product labeling is more than a marketing requirement. It is the primary tool for informing consumers and the legal foundation for many sellers’ and manufacturers’ obligations. Label information commonly includes product specifications, ingredients, manufacturing and expiry dates, directions for use, safety warnings, and trade-related details such as country of...Read More
